Under which model is an interpreter functioning when they respond only in spoken English to a hearing participant's question?

The correct choice is grounded in the context of the interpreting models where the interpreter's role is defined primarily by their approach to communication. In the helper model, the interpreter takes on a supportive role. This often means prioritizing the needs of the hearing participant, which can lead to the interpreter responding directly in spoken English without conveying the signed messages or facilitating communication between Deaf and hearing individuals.

The helper model emphasizes a more passive role, positioning the interpreter as someone who assists rather than actively facilitating the two-way communication that is typically expected in interpreting. This model can often lead to a situation where the interpreter does not maintain neutrality or actively bridge communication gaps, opting instead to offer responses appropriate for the hearing participant alone.

In contrast, other models, such as the communication facilitator model, focus on actively ensuring that both parties (Deaf and hearing) can effectively communicate with one another. The language broker model involves a familial or personal relationship and often leads to a different dynamic, while the mentorship model is more about guidance rather than direct interpretation.

Thus, the choice reflects an understanding of the role an interpreter plays within different frameworks of interaction and communication.